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Collaboration & Technology: Virtual, Hybrid, Human-AI Teaming

cartoon-style hands reaching out, both grasping a human heart

As artificial intelligence becomes a more common teammate in the workplace, how we feel about AI matters. This research shows that humans are more open to working with AI when they perceive it as competent and, to a lesser extent, warm. For managers building tech-integrated teams, this insight can shape how AI is introduced and integrated into daily workflows.

Authors:
Alexandra Harris-Watson, , Nina Lauharatanahirun, Leslie DeChurch, Noshir Contractor

conceptual image featuring black dots on a white background, plus an outline of people and a gear in the center foreground.

As digital tools reshape how teams collaborate, leadership must evolve too. This paper breaks down four key ways technology impacts team dynamics—from setting the stage to becoming a teammate itself—and offers practical insights into how leaders can adapt. If you're leading virtual teams, navigating AI collaboration, or steering innovation in a digital-first workplace, this research is your playbook.

Authors: 
, Leslie DeChurch

puzzle pieces overlaid on top of a crowd image in the background

Research following crowd-based teams competing on an open software innovation platform reveals that it’s not just talent or incentives that drive team success, but how and when people collaborate. The large-scale online experiment demonstrates that patterns of communication—especially bursts of active discussion and diverse information exchange—play a critical role in producing better solutions.

Authors: 
Christoph Riedl, 

Silhouette of two hands holding interlocking gears with shadow people outlined in the background.

When it comes to innovation, more team communication isn’t always better. This research shows that in large cross-functional teams, keeping some distance between subgroups can actually improve how knowledge is integrated. The research highlights how structuring teams to preserve functional boundaries—rather than blend them—can lead to better outcomes.

Authors: 
, Alexandra Harris-Watson, Dorothy Carter, Raquel Asencio, Leslie DeChurch, Ruth Kanfer, Stephen Zaccaro

Authors: 
Ella Glikson, 

Authors: 
Cleotilde Gonzales

Authors:
Zheng Yao, Silas Weden, Lea Emerlyn, Haiyi Zhu, Robert Kraut

Authors:
Nikolos Gurney, David PynadathJohn Miller

Authors: 
, Young Ji Kim,Prerna Chikersal, , 

Authors: 
Hongbo Fang, , Bogdan Vasilescu

Authors: 
David Gray Widder, , , Alexandra Holloway, Scott Davidoff

Authors:
Lev Tankelevitch, Elena L Glassman, Jessica He, Majeed Kazemitabaar, , Mina Lee, Srishti Palani, Advait Sarkar, Gonzalo Ramos, Yvonne Rogers, Hari Subramonyam

Complex Collaboration Design: Cross-Sector, Fluid Membership

AI-generated image featuring a cluster of three people, a gear, and a computer screen.

In fast-changing, cross-sector teams—where members may change frequently—teams cannot rely on strong relationships to support performance. This 2021 research introduces “joint problem-solving orientation” as a key mindset that helps fluid teams overcome boundaries and deliver results despite the churn of their members. 

Authors:
Michaela Kerrissey, , Amy Edmondson

AI-generated image of a group of medical professionals collaborating around a laptop and notes.

When teams form and reform constantly, can they manage both efficiency demands and the training of new, junior members? This experiment with inpatient medical teams reveals that team starts can spark coordination, and teams that manage both internal coordination and coordination with external partners may achieve both more efficient patient care and learning. 

Authors:
, , Liny John, Christine March, Selma Witchel, Andrew Nowalk

ai-generated image featuring a crowd around a heart and rainbow

In the complex setting of Children's Advocacy work, where fluid sets of representatives from multiple agencies must work together, it's easy for teamwork to breakdown. This study highlights the importance of how teams feel about working together—trust, psychological safety, and clear direction—as key factors driving team performance. 

Authors:
Elizabeth McGuier, Scott Rothenberger, Kristine Campbell, Brooks Keeshin, , David Kolko

AI-generated image illustrating interprofessional collaboration in critical care. It uses abstract silhouettes of healthcare professionals, communication symbols, and coordination cues to convey teamwork

Team-based care in high-stakes environments like the ICU can falter—not due to lack of evidence, but because of gaps in teamwork. This paper discusses the role of interprofessional education—training disciplines together instead of in silos—as a useful solution.

Authors:
Kimberly Rak, Jeremy Kahn, Kelsey Linstrum, Erin Caplan, , et al

Authors:
P Daniel Patterson, Matthew Weaver, Douglas Landsittel, , David Hostler, John Vena, Ashley Hughes, Eduardo Salas, Donald Yealy

Authors:
Na Fu, Patrick C Flood, , Tim Morris, Murray Johnstone

Authors:
Ishani Aggarwal, , Toshio Murase, Evelyn Zhang, , 

Authors:
, Alexandra Harris-Watson, Dorothy Carter, Raquel Asencio, Leslie DeChurch, Ruth Kanfer, Stephen J. Zaccaro

Authors:
, Lily Morse, Alessandro Iorio

Author:

Author:
Jennifer Ervin, Jeremy Kahn, , 

Authors:
Ioanna Lykourentzou, Shannon Wang, Robert Kraut, Steven Dow

Collective Intelligence

A group of people talking together around a laptop computer.

Collective intelligence - a group’s capability to perform across many different tasks - is critical to solving many scientific, business, and other problems, but groups often fail to achieve it. This meta-analysis of 22 studies highlights key predictors, from team composition to collaboration processes.

Authors:
Christoph Riedl, Young Ji Kim, Pranav Gupta, 

Black ink with white background featuring a circular design to illustrate collaboration.

This lab-based experiment suggests that what counts as "smart" collaboration can vary. Teams with majority women exhibited higher collective intelligence (CI) when their speaking patterns were more cooperative and synchronous (constitent with what is often expected of women), whereas teams with all men exhibited higher CI with more competitive interruptions.

Authors:
, , , Christoph Riedl, Jin Wook Chang

Graphic depicting outlines of people talking on a laptop screen to suggest a virtual meeting.

In today’s remote work environment, teams often rely on video calls to stay connected—but is seeing each other really necessary for effective collaboration? This lab-based experiment shows that, surprisingly, it is the absence of visual cues that can helps teams to verbally "sync up," and that's what helps teams to solve problems more effectively.

Authors:
, Young Ji Kim, Prerna Chikersal, , 

Photo of a lightbulb divided into jigsaw puzzle pieces, suggesting the idea of problem solving and ideas.

This work introduces an AI facilitator that, in real time, monitors and intervenes to support key processes that predict collective intelligence. Across two studies, use of the facilitator improved team performance relative to not using it, and the AI facilitator was equally useful relative to a human facilitator.

Authors:
Elizabeth McGee, , 

Authors:
Christoph Riedl,

Authors:

Authors:
, Pranav Gupta

Authors:
, Christopher Chabris, Alex Pentland, Nada Hashmi, Thomas Malone

Conflict & Diversity

computer chip image showing connections of information

Diverse teams bring valuable perspectives—but they also risk misalignment. When team members interpret the task differently, it can lead to conflicting approaches and inefficiencies. This research explores how these “representational gaps” emerge and how they affect collaboration, offering insights into how teams process information and manage conflict in high-diversity environments.

Authors:
Matthew Cronin,

graphic representation of 2 people talking to each other. One appears to be yelling.

A 12-week study of U.S. employees reveals a two-way cycle between workplace mistreatment and harmful behaviors like sabotage or verbal abuse—each triggering the other within just a week. This pattern remains stable over time. The findings offer practical insights for breaking cycles of conflict.

Authors:
Yeonjeong Kim, , Abigail Panter

graphic showing a seesaw with one side weighted down, to imply the idea of bias

In a range of settings, regulators must work with clients. This research demonstrates ingroup bias, wherein regulators may unintentionally favor clients who share similar backgrounds, leading to less thorough oversight. However, the research also shows that a regulator's strong professional commitment can mitigate the impact of those biases.

Authors:
Sae-Seul Park, ,

stick people wearing hard hats to imply uniforms

While it may seem counterproductive to include uninformed individuals in decision-making teams, this research shows they can help break deadlocks in polarized groups by fueling pressure to reach a consensus. Using a behavioral decision model, the study demonstrates that—even without expertise—these individuals can improve group outcomes, offering fresh insight into how diverse perspectives and social dynamics shape effective collaboration.

Authors:
Shannon Werntz, Daniel Oppenheimer

Authors:
Carsten De Dreu,

Authors:
, Brenda Peyser, Lise Vesterlund, 

Authors:
Elizabeth Campbell, 

Authors:
Elizabeth Campbell,

Authors:
, Charles Eesley, Wesley Koo

Authors:
Janine Dutcher, et al.

Authors:
Maria Feuer, Joanna Wolfe

Authors:
Victor Weiqi Huang, Kori Krueger, , Michael Hilton

Collective Learning & Innovation

three people stand around a white board while the person in the center presents his findings

Tracing the evolution of research on organizational learning, this piece highlights four key processes—search, knowledge creation, retention, and transfer—and explores how each is shaped by experience and context. Understanding these dynamics can help leaders support learning and performance in teams and organizations.

Authors:
, , Jisoo Park

View of a person from the back, with squiggly arrows pointing out from the person in all directions

This study shows that simply moving employees’ workspaces closer together can spark more individual exploration and better performance. In a natural experiment at an e-commerce firm, individuals relocated near previously distant colleagues explored more and also achieved stronger financial results. The findings highlight how spatial design can influence the flow of information and learning.

Authors:

a graphic representation of a large language model - black squiggly lines on a white background

This study explores the potential for using a large language model (LLM) to facilitate learning in collaborative problem-solving environments. Teams in a college-level computer science course were assigned to one of three reflection conditions, including one in which an LLM was designed to stimulate discussion. The LLM condition was particularly useful for students with lower prior knowledge learned.

Authors:
Atharva Naik, Jessica Ruhan Yin, Anusha Kamath, Qianou Ma, Sherry Tongshuang Wu, R. Charles Murray, Christopher Bogart, Majd Sakr, and

image of a tree in the shape of a human head with leaves flying away.

A transactive memory systems (TMS) refers to a shared understanding of who knows what in a group, and it's an important predictor of group performance. This work develops an automated and unobtrusive assessment of TMS that is significantly correlated with the most frequently used survey measure, creating the potential for advancing the understanding of TMS by analyzing it in contexts where administering surveys is not feasible.

Authors:
Jonathan Kush, ,

Authors:
, , Kenneth Kotovsky

Authors:
, Paul Ingram

Authors:
et al

Authors:
Ray Reagans, , Daria Brooks

Authors:
Shihan Li, , Nynke Niezink

Authors:
Elizabeth McGuier, David Kolko, Gregory Aarons, Allison Schachter, Mary Lou Klem, Matthew A Diabes, , Eduardo Salas, Courtney Benjamin Wolk

Authors:
Eric Smith, Christopher Rozek, Kody Manke, Carol Dweck, Gregory Walton

This collection highlights a sample of research from CoLab affiliates. We invite researchers and organizations to connect, share ideas, and explore opportunities for joint inquiry.

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